Frequently Hypercyclic and Chaotic Behavior of Some First-Order Partial Differential Equation

We study a particular first-order partial differential equation which arisen from a biologic model. We found that the solution semigroup of this partial differential equation is a frequently hypercyclic semigroup. Furthermore, we show that it satisfies the frequently hypercyclic criterion, and hence the solution semigroup is also a chaotic semigroup

Adaptive RF Pigtail Probe Modeling for De-embedding of RF Measurements

This disclosure describes techniques for accurate estimation and de-embedding of the effects of pigtail probes in circuits. An adaptive pigtail model is developed and described that can accurately de-embed the effects of pigtail probes in digital circuits. Example parameters are identified that include pigtail length, tip length, pigtail tilt degree, ground distance, and solder amount. A pigtail simulation model is developed to model the soldered pigtail probe. The dependency of circuit impedance on the identified parameters is determined by experimentation which indicates that circuit performance can be boosted by short ground distance lengths, low tilt angles, thick support wires, short pin and cable lengths, and thick support wires. The pigtail model can be utilized to derive de-embedded results for different pigtail probe configurations without a need for explicitly measuring de-embedded results for those configurations

A Novel Family of Cyst Proteins with Epidermal Growth Factor Repeats in Giardia lamblia

The biological goal of Giardia lamblia life cycle is differentiation into a cyst form (encystation) that can survive in the environment and infect a new host. Since cystic stages are key to transmission of parasites, this differentiation may be a target for interruption of the life cycle. Synthesis and assembly of the extracellular cyst wall are the major hallmarks of this important differentiation. During encystation, cyst wall structural proteins are coordinately synthesized and are mainly targeted to the cyst wall. However, only a few such proteins have been identified to date. In this study, we used a combination of bioinformatics and molecular approaches to identify new cyst structural proteins from G. lamblia and found a group of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like Repeats containing Cyst Proteins (EGFCPs). Interestingly, the levels of EGFCPs proteins increased significantly during encystation, which matches the characteristics of the Giardia cyst wall protein. Further characterization and localization studies suggest that EGFCPs may function like cyst wall proteins, involved in differentiation of G. lamblia trophozoites into cysts. Our results provide valuable information regarding the function of a new group of cyst proteins in parasite differentiation into cysts and help develop ways to interrupt the parasite life cycle

Win-Win on E-Business by Complementary Assets with IT Competence and Innovative Capabilities

Information Technology (IT) has been widely applied to business operations and service systems and derived various innovative business models and novel areas, especially e-business. E-business provides service by websites via IT with online information or systems to create multiple innovative values which change user behavior. Under this trend, e-business (hereinafter referred to as native e-business firms) has deeply threatened the survival of traditional service firms. To overcome difficulties, many traditional firms select bottom-up integration to increase e-services (hereinafter referred to as tradition-to-e-business firms) for expanding their multiple marketing channels. To face the challenge, native e-business firms, on the other hand, choose top-down integration, including physical stores, logistics, cash flow, supply chain, etc., to increase service values. Under competition in many years, the tradition-to-e-business firms are hard to surpass native e-business firms. On the contrary, native e-business firms cannot defeat traditional firms also. In this study, we explore the reason why native e-business and traditional firms cannot supersede each other. We find that the nature of firms and development strategy influences business focus, growth trajectory and advantage position. In the emerging stage, “e-business” is core business in native e-business firms. The firms are led by entrepreneur insights and their IT capabilities. Traditional firms were forced to build e-business, when they perceived customer disappearance. E-business is just one of their marketing channels. In the growth stage, e-Business and complementary assets oppositely lead enterprise resource integration, and the capability of which affects the company\u27s competitive advantage. This article adopts qualitative research methods to investigate innovative capability, IT competence and complementary assets which derive the impact of e-business value creation on firms with different origins and background. Then we interpret the phenomenon of change by resource-based view (RBV) and structure inertia theory, analyze the advantages and limitation of native e-business firms and traditional service firms, and explain why it is difficult to surpass and hard to be defeated by each other. Finally, we proposed theory contribution and management implication

Assessing competitiveness of foreign and local supermarket chains in Vietnamese market by using Fuzzy TOPSIS method

Considering the strategic importance for supermarket chains and to understanding the critical elements affecting their competitiveness and their relative level of competitiveness, this study tries to assess competitiveness of foreign and local supermarket chains in Vietnam using the fuzzy TOPSIS method. The results show that, even smaller size Vietnamese supermarket chains, when compared to foreign chains, are still slightly higher in competitiveness.Competitiveness; Supermarket chains; Fuzzy TOPSIS